Py Trees

[About][Docs & Demos][Releases][Installation][PyTrees-Ros Ecosystem]

About

PyTrees is a python implementation of behaviour trees designed to facilitate the rapid development of medium sized decision making engines for use in fields like robotics. Brief feature list:

• Sequence, Selector, Parallel composites
• Blackboards for data sharing
• Python generators for smarter ticking over the tree graph
• Python decorators for enabling meta behaviours
• Render trees to dot graphs or visualise with ascii graphs on stdout

Docs and Demos

Core API documentation (also includes some explanation concerning the demo scripts):

If you're really looking for something more edifying than hello world examples, walk through the ros tutorials which incrementally step through the process of building a scenario handling layer for a robot.

There are also runtime visualisation tools - refer to the py_trees_ros_viewer/README as an example implementation of the underlying py_trees_js library.

Releases

• 0.y.x - first open source releases
• 1.0.x - first stable release
• 1.1.x - improvements
• 1.2.x - improvements
• 2.0.x - blackboards v2 with namespaces, access permissions and key tracking
• 2.1.x - Chooser deprecated, api housekeeping

	Devel	2.1.x	2.0.x	1.2.x	0.7.x	0.6.x
Sources
Compatibility
CI
Documentation

Installation

From ppa on Ubuntu/Bionic:

$ sudo apt install python3-py-trees

From pypi:

$ pip3 install py_trees

In a Python Virtual Environment:

$ git clone https://github.com/splintered-reality/py_trees
$ cd py_trees
$ source ./venv.bash

Build your own python3 deb:

$ git clone https://github.com/splintered-reality/py_trees
$ cd py_trees
$ source ./venv.bash
$ make deb

From the ROS2 ecosystem:

$ sudo apt install ros-<rosdistro>-py-trees

PyTrees-ROS Ecosystem

See the py_trees_ros README for the latest information on pytrees packages in the ROS ecosystem and their status.

Release Notes

Forthcoming

• [composites] use explicit composite arguments, #370
• [composites] restart the sequence, but allow children to retain their state #368
• [common] a practical inf, #366
• [composites] avoid redundant stop for non-running children #360
• [display] bugfix unicode use when no unicode for dot #359
• [tests] use tox, flake8 in prem-merge #354
• [tests] switch from deprecating nose to pytest, #350

2.1.6 (2021-05-31)

• [tests] mypy conformance, #327
• [composites] show ghost states for sequence children, #330 (reverts behaviour introduced in #325)

2.1.5 (2021-05-09)

• [composites] sequences w/o memory, #325
• [composites] selectors with memory, #324
• [display] unicode trees are unicode, not ascii #324

2.1.4 (2021-02-24)

• [behaviours] added BlackboardToStatus, #320
• [idioms] bugfix lost append in blackboard names for either_or, #319
• [docs] contributing guidelines added, #315

2.1.3 (2020-12-13)

• [blackboard] convenience absolute_name() api for blackboard clients, #306

2.1.2 (2020-11-05)

• [sequences] bugfix current child setting whilst moving through children, #304

2.1.1 (2020-08-11)

• [behaviours] generators for variable values in SetBlackboardVariable, #300

2.1.0 (2020-07-20)

• [behaviours] CheckBlackboardVariableValue, WaitForBlackboardVariableValue use comparison expressins, #296
• [idioms] eternal_guard uses blackboard_names (previously blackboard_name_prefix), #295
• [composites] Chooser deprecated, #293
• [composites] chain-able add_children for all composites, #290

2.0.16 (2020-08-11)

• [behaviours] generators for variable values in SetBlackboardVariable, #300

2.0.15 (2020-05-14)

• [composites] fix current_child problems on dynamic child insertion/removal, #289

2.0.14 (2020-04-26)

• [blackboard] bugfix metadata not created on static set, #286

2.0.13 (2020-03-24)

• [composites] parallel bugfix to invalidate correctly, #285

2.0.12 (2020-03-10)

• [idioms] the either_or pattern, designed to replace the Chooser, #283
• [behaviours] TickCounter, a timer based on tree ticks, #283
• [behaviours] CheckBlackboardVariableValues, logical checks across multiple values, #283
• [common] ComparisonExpression, a more concise way of storing checkers, #283
• [composites] protect against adding a child to multiple parents, #281

2.0.11 (2020-03-01)

• [display] completely remove blackboard variables from the dot layout, #280

2.0.10 (2020-02-27)

• [trees] setup timeout error with last behaviour name included in the error message, #279
• [blackboard] rooted variables in namespaced clients working as designed, fixed docs, #277

2.0.9 (2020-02-14)

• [demos] display modes demonstrating usage of various options, #275
• [display] enforce left to right ordering of children in dot graphs

2.0.8 (2020-02-01)

• [display] bugfix and use elipsis on ascii visited only display modes, #273

2.0.7 (2020-01-24)

• [display] option for only visited behaviours in text tree snapshot displays, #272

2.0.5 (2019-12-25)

• [display] enum agnostic display for local and remote activity view displays

2.0.4 (2019-11-25)

• [display] optional show_title in unicode_blackboard_activity_stream

2.0.3 (2019-11-24)

• [trees] revert to using user signals if available to avoid shenanigans with SIGINT, #264
• [trees] play nicely, reset signal handlers after setup, #262
• [visitors] bugfix the snapshot visitor to look for exclusive write keys as well

2.0.1 (2019-11-19)

• [blackboard] static methods have a namespace too (root), use absolute names, #261
• [blackboard] do not register keys on the client when xclusive write aborts the process, #261

2.0.x (2019-11-15) - Blackboards v2!

The 2.0.x release wraps up the experimental blackboard improvements being rolled out in 1.3.x and 1.4.x. At this point, the changes to the blackboard framework are so extensive it makes sense to release it with a major version bump and to consider the 1.2.x release as the official goto release for the 1.x.y series.

New Features

• [blackboard] exclusive write access, #260
• [blackboard] key remappings, #259
• [blackboard] formalise namespaces with separators, #256
• [blackboard] distinguish primitives vs nested for refined read activity detection, #255

See the 1.3.x and 1.4.x changelog notes for additional details.

1.4.x (2019-11-07)

Breaking API

• [blackboard] fixed read/write ambiguity, now use py_trees.common.Access, #250

# Previously
self.blackboard.register_key(key="foo", write=True)
# Now
self.blackboard.register_key(key="foo", access=py_trees.common.Access.WRITE)

• [blackboard] drop SubBlackboard, it has problems, #249

New Features

• [blackboard] namespaced blackboard clients, #250

# Previously, a single blackboard client exists per behaviour
# Now, no blackboard client on construction, instead attach on demand:
self.blackboard = self.attach_blackboard_client(name="Foo")
self.parameters = self.attach_blackboard_client(
    name="FooParams",
    namespace="parameters_foo_"
)
self.state = self.attach_blackboard_client(
    name="FooState",
    namespace="state_foo_"
)
# create a local key 'speed' that maps to 'state_foo_speed' on the blackboard
self.state.register_key(key="speed", access=py_trees.common.Access.WRITE)
self.state.speed = 30.0

• [blackboard] required keys and batch verification method, #254

self.blackboard = self.attach_blackboard_client(name="Foo")
self.blackboard.register_key(name="foo", access=py_trees.common.Access.READ, required=True)
# ...
self.verify_required_keys_exist()  # KeyError if any required keys do not yet exist on the blackboard

• [visitors] SnapshotVisitor tracking blackboards on the visited path, #250

# Previously tangled in DisplaySnapshotVisitor:
display_snapshot_visitor.visited.keys()  # blackboard client uuid's (also behaviour uuid's), typing.Set[uuid.UUID]
display_snapshot_visitor.visited_keys  # blackboard keys, typing.Set[str]
# Now in SnapshotVisitor:
snapshot_visitor.visited_blackboard_client_ids  # typing.Set[uuid.UUID]
snapshot_visitor.visited_blackboard_keys  # typing.Set[str]

1.3.3 (2019-10-15)

• [blackboard] client Blackboard.unregister_key() method

1.3.2 (2019-10-15)

• [blackboard] global Blackboard.clear() method

1.3.1 (2019-10-15)

• [blackboard] don\'t do any copying, just pass handles around, #239
• [blackboard] client exists() method, #238
• [blackboard] global Blackboard.set() method
• [blackboard] client Blackboard.unset() method, #239

1.3.x (2019-10-03)

Breaking API

• [decorators] updated EternalGuard to accommodate new blackboard variable tracking mechanisms
• [behaviours] blackboard behaviours decoupled - CheckBlackboardVariableExists, WaitForBlackboardVariable
• [behaviours] blackboard behaviours decoupled - CheckBlackboardVariableValue, WaitForBlackboardVariableValue
• [behaviours] blackboard behaviours dropped use of the largely redundant ClearingPolicy
• [visitors] collapsed SnapshotVisitor and WindsOfChangeVisitor functionality, #228

New Features

• [blackboard] read/write access configuration for clients on blackboard keys
• [blackboard] log the activity on the blackboard
• [display] dot graphs now have an option to display blackboard variables
• [display] unicode to console the entire blackboard key-value store
• [display] unicode to console the blackboard activity stream
• [visitors] new DisplaySnapshotVisitor to simplify collection/printing the tree to console, #228

Bugfixes

• [infra] only require test html reports on circle ci builds (saves a dependency requirement), #229

1.2.2 (2019-08-06)

• [trees] standalone setup() method with timer for use on unmanaged trees, #198
• [examples] fix api in skeleton_tree.py, #199

1.2.1 (2019-05-21)

• [decorators] StatusToBlackboard reflects the status of it\'s child to the blackboard, #195
• [decorators] EternalGuard decorator that continuously guards a subtree (c.f. Unreal conditions), #195
• [idioms] eternal_guard counterpart to the decorator whose conditions are behaviours, #195

1.2.x (2019-04-28)

Breaking API

• [trees] removes the curious looking and unused destroy() method, #193
• [display] ascii_tree -> ascii_tree/unicode_tree(), no longer subverts the choice depending on your stdout, #192
• [display] dot_graph -> dot_tree for consistency with the text tree methods, #192

New Features

• [behaviour] shutdown() method to compliment setup(), #193
• [decorators] StatusToBlackboard reflects the status of it\'s child to the blackboard, #195
• [decorators] EternalGuard decorator that continuously guards a subtree (c.f. Unreal conditions), #195
• [display] xhtml_tree provides an xhtml compatible equivalent to the ascii_tree representation, #192
• [idioms] eternal_guard counterpart to the decorator whose conditions are behaviours, #195
• [trees] walks the tree calling shutdown() on each node in it\'s own shutdown() method, #193
• [visitors] get a finalise() method called immediately prior to post tick handlers, #191

1.1.0 (2019-03-19)

Breaking API

• [display] print_ascii_tree -> ascii_tree, #178.
• [display] generate_pydot_graph -> dot_graph, #178.
• [trees] tick_tock(sleep_ms, ..) -> tick_tock(period_ms, ...), #182.

New Features

• [trees] add missing add_visitor() method
• [trees] flexible setup() for children via kwargs
• [trees] convenience method for ascii tree debugging
• [display] highlight the tip in ascii tree snapshots

Bugfixes

• [trees] threaded timers for setup (avoids multiprocessing problems)
• [behaviour|composites] bugfix tip behaviour, add tests
• [display] correct first indent when non-zero in ascii_tree
• [display] apply same formatting to root as children in ascii_tree

1.0.7 (2019-xx-yy)

• [display] optional arguments for generate_pydot_graph

1.0.6 (2019-03-06)

• [decorators] fix missing root feedback message in ascii graphs

1.0.5 (2019-02-28)

• [decorators] fix timeout bug that doesn\'t respect a child\'s last tick

1.0.4 (2019-02-26)

• [display] drop spline curves, it\'s buggy with graphviz 2.38

1.0.3 (2019-02-13)

• [visitors] winds of change visitor and logging demo

1.0.2 (2019-02-13)

• [console] fallbacks for unicode chars when (UTF-8) encoding cannot support them

1.0.1 (2018-02-12)

• [trees] don\'t use multiprocess on setup if not using timeouts

1.0.0 (2019-01-18)

Breaking API

• [behaviour] setup() no longer returns a boolean, catch exceptions instead, #143.
• [behaviour] setup() no longer takes timeouts, responsibility moved to BehaviourTree, #148.
• [decorators] new-style decorators found in py_trees.decorators
• [decorators] new-style decorators stop their running child on completion (SUCCESS||FAILURE)
• [decorators] old-style decorators in py_trees.meta deprecated

New Features

• [blackboard] added a method for clearing the entire blackboard (useful for tests)
• [composites] raise TypeError when children\'s setup methods don\'t return a bool (common mistake)
• [composites] new parallel policies, SuccessOnAll, SuccessOnSelected
• [decorators] oneshot policies for activating on completion or successful completion only
• [meta] behaviours from functions can now automagically generate names

0.8.x (2018-10-18)

Breaking API

• Lower level namespace types no longer exist (PR117), e.g. py_trees.Status{.sourceCode} -> py_trees.common.Status{.sourceCode}
• Python2 support dropped

New Features

• [idioms] \'Pick Up Where You Left Off\'
• [idioms] \'OneShot\'

0.8.0 (2018-10-18)

• [infra] shortcuts to types in __init__.py removed (PR117)
• [bugfix] python3 rosdeps
• [idioms] pick_up_where_you_left_off added

0.7.5 (2018-10-10)

• [idioms] oneshot added
• [bugfix] properly set/reset parents when replacing/removing children in composites

0.7.0 (2018-09-27)

• [announce] python3 only support from this point forward
• [announce] now compatible for ros2 projects

0.6.5 (2018-09-19)

• [bugfix] pick up missing feedback messages in inverters
• [bugfix] eliminate costly/spammy blackboard variable check feedback message

0.6.4 (2018-09-19)

• [bugfix] replace awkward newlines with spaces in ascii trees

0.6.3 (2018-09-04)

• [bugfix] don\'t send the parellel\'s status to running children, invalidate them instead

0.6.2 (2018-08-31)

• [bugfix] oneshot now reacts to priority interrupts correctly

0.6.1 (2018-08-20)

• [bugfix] oneshot no longer permanently modifies the original class

0.6.0 (2018-05-15)

• [infra] python 2/3 compatibility

0.5.10 (2017-06-17)

• [meta] add children monkeypatching for composite imposters
• [blackboard] check for nested variables in WaitForBlackboard

0.5.9 (2017-03-25)

• [docs] bugfix image links and rewrite the motivation

0.5.8 (2017-03-19)

• [infra] setup.py tests_require, not test_require

0.5.7 (2017-03-01)

• [infra] update maintainer email

0.5.5 (2017-03-01)

• [docs] many minor doc updates
• [meta] bugfix so that imposter now ticks over composite children
• [trees] method for getting the tip of the tree
• [programs] py-trees-render program added

0.5.4 (2017-02-22)

• [infra] handle pypi/catkin conflicts with install_requires

0.5.2 (2017-02-22)

• [docs] disable colour when building
• [docs] sidebar headings
• [docs] dont require project installation

0.5.1 (2017-02-21)

• [infra] pypi package enabled

0.5.0 (2017-02-21)

• [ros] components moved to py_trees_ros
• [timeout] bugfix to ensure timeout decorator initialises properly
• [docs] rolled over with napolean style
• [docs] sphinx documentation updated
• [imposter] make sure tip() drills down into composites
• [demos] re-organised into modules

0.4.0 (2017-01-13)

• [trees] add pre/post handlers after setup, just in case setup fails
• [introspection] do parent lookups so you can crawl back up a tree
• [blackboard] permit init of subscriber2blackboard behaviours
• [blackboard] watchers
• [timers] better feedback messages
• [imposter] ensure stop() directly calls the composited behaviour

0.3.0 (2016-08-25)

• failure_is_running decorator (meta).

0.2.0 (2016-06-01)

• do terminate properly amongst relevant classes
• blackboxes
• chooser variant of selectors
• bugfix the decorators
• blackboard updates on change only
• improved dot graph creation
• many bugfixes to composites
• subscriber behaviours
• timer behaviours

0.1.2 (2015-11-16)

• one shot sequences
• abort() renamed more appropriately to stop()

0.1.1 (2015-10-10)

• lots of bugfixing stabilising py_trees for the spain field test
• complement decorator for behaviours
• dot tree views
• ascii tree and tick views
• use generators and visitors to more efficiently walk/introspect trees
• a first implementation of behaviour trees in python